下面带路喵跟大家一起来探讨如何应对“官腔式”雅思大作文这个问题。加小爱微信:IELTSMM 可了解更多雅思相关资讯和免费学习资料。
写作一直以来被认为是
雅思考试四科中最为难得高分的科目。它不仅要求学生了解社会时事,从而在写作中有话可说,还要求学生具有一定的逻辑思维思维能力,摆脱中式议论文写作的“圈套”。写作的一个前提是具有沟通性,即让考官看得懂你的文章,这点没做好,后面的论点论据和思维逻辑也就没有意义了。下面就跟小编一起来看一下中国考生写作的思维模式误区所在,并作一下解析,从而帮助考生们意识到问题,从而解决这些问题。
雅思大作文中最有力的论证方式有以下几种
一、解释和例证。
如下面关于“work at home or study at home”的一段例证:
IBM, one of the business giants, has saved nearly 70 million US dollars in its northeastern region by promoting telecommuting, which has been a driving force to other enterprises to convert their normal working staff into telecommuters. Companies in Japan are one of them and plan to launch the scheme in 2009, which, in turn, spiritually wins more supports from the existing employees, and attracts new hires. 这段话中的2个例子(商业巨头IBM和日本的企业计划)都较好地完成了“若员工选择在家上班,会对公司带来积极的作用”这一证明。
解析:雅思大作文明确指出“give reasons or examples from your own experience”, 这里的“your own experience”和“your personal experience”是完全不同的概念。前者是指通过个人的学习和总结而获得的经验,后者是指个人经历或周围某个个体的故事。如谈到“working hard produces better results”, “your own experience”的例子一定是“some 3-year-high school students usually stay up late to review lessons and prepare for next day classes”, 而“your personal experience”的例子则应该是“my roommate, Tony has always been working hard on studies and staying up late every night”, 不难看出两者的区别。故雅思大作文是不能使用个人案例的论据的,这一点与新托福的写作也是不同的。
二、数据论证
使用这种方式,需要注意两点:数据和数据的来源。数据的真实性不重要,但至少要看上去是“真实的”。如:A survey by the latest Ministry of Labour’s opinion poll shows that more companies would like to open their doors to disabled people, as long as they can access to modern technology, and the rate has been increasing every year by 5% since 2003.
解析:使用数据论证,提醒考生们不要刻意将数据夸张,这样反而会降低数据的真实可靠性。常见的句型有“a survey by….shows that / a research by….finds out that / a study by….suggests that / Statistics by….conclude that…”省略号的部分是需要根据文章的内容来填写的数据来源出处或机构。常用的机构包括:国外大学、学院、报纸、杂志、电视台、之声、网站、研究机构、民意调查等。我们按顺序给大家做一个示范:the University of Sussex, Business College of several European countries, the USATODAY, state media CNN, BBC Talking Point, Childwise.com, American Institute for Research, Harris Interactive Poll等,考生可按照自己的情况,来准备几个备选方案以供使用。
三、对比论证
使用对比论证法可以让段落的内容和字数大幅度提高。对比论证可以是一个东西或行为的正反面对比,也可以是一种现象的时间前后的论证。如下面关于“是否moving to regional areas”的例子:
Staffs used to complain about the crowded offices shared with climbing number of colleagues, the acute shortage of parking lots, the expensive luncheon, and the tedious civic landscape filled up with cement, steel rods and ceramic tiles. Now, companies can move to larger spaces, like industrial parks in the regional areas equipped with more personalized facilities, ranging from regular shuttle bus service, areas for relaxation, and more comfortable meeting rooms to hold a larger group of audience。
解析:上面的这段论述,完全可以只写搬迁到郊外办公后对员工的利益;但是增加了前面“staff usedto…”的内容,能够加倍体现迁移的好处,前后形成一个鲜明的对比,增加文章的说服力。不过,需要特别注意的是,若使用不当,对比论证也可能让文章变得乏味。比如上面的例子中,在“staff used to…”这段文字中讲到了员工的种种抱怨(停车车位紧缺、午饭昂贵、办公室狭小等),如果在后面的利益中接着谈搬迁到郊外后停车车位不紧缺、午饭便宜、办公室宽敞等内容的话,大家不难发现这样的论证其实是很无趣的。所以选择对比论证法一方面可以增加论证的内容,另一方面也加大了考生寻找论据的难度,也就是说考生需要找不同方面的内容填塞到对比论证中。
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