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雅思听力题库:剑桥雅思第9册Test2听力真题及原

发布时间:2018-12-18 14:23:35文章来源: 带路喵点击:188
以下为本站整理的剑桥雅思第9册Test2听力真题及原文。
 
Test 2
LIS TE NI NG
SECTION 1
Questions 1-10
Complete the form below.
Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
                         Accommodation Form - Student Information
Example
Type of accommodation:    hall    of residence
Name : Anu 1          
Date of birth : 2          
Country of origin : India
Course of study : 3          
Number of years planned in hall : 4          
Preferred catering arrangement : half board
Special dietary requirements : no 5          (red)
Preferred room type : a single 6          
Interests : the 7          
        badminton
Priorities in choice of hall : to be with other students who are 8         
                      to live outside the 9          
                      to have a 10          area for socialising
Contact phone number : 667549
SECTION 2  
Questions 11-13
Complete the table below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

                                                                 Parks and open spaces



Questions 14-16
Choose the correct letter,A,B or C.
Longfield Park
14  As part of Monday’s activity,visitors will
A  prepare food with herbs.
B  meet a well-known herbalist.
C  dye cloth with herbs.
15  For the activity on Wednesday.
A  only group bookings are accepted.
B  visitors should book in advance.
C  attendance is free.
16  For the activity on Saturday,visitors should
A  come in suitable clothing.
B  make sure they are able to stay for the whole day.
C  tell the rangers before the event what they wish to do.
Questions 17-20
Label the map below.
Write the correct letter,A-I,next to questions 17-20.

                                                                                            Hinchingbrooke Park



17  bird hide           
18  dog-walking area           
19  flower garden           
20  wooded area           
 
SECTION 3
Questions 21-24
Choose the correct letter,A,B or C.
Self-Access Centre
21  Students want to keep the Self-Access Centre because
A  they enjoy the variety of equipment.
B  they like being able to work on their own.
C  it is an important part of their studies.
22  Some teachers would prefer to
A  close the Self-Access Centre.
B  move the Self-Access Centre elsewhere.
C  restrict access to the Self-Access Centre.
23  The students’ main concern about using the library would be
A  the size of the library.
B  difficulty in getting help.
C  the lack of materials.
24  The Director of Studies is concerned about
A  the cost of upgrading the centre.
B  the lack of space in the centre.
C  the difficulty in supervising the centre.
 
Questions 25-30
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
 
Necessary improvements to the existing Self-Access Centre
Equipment 
Replace computers to create more space.
Resources
The level of the 25           materials,in particular,should be more clearly shown.
Update the 26           collection.
Buy some 27            and divide them up.
Use of the room
Speak to the teachers and organise a 28           for supervising the centre.
Install an 29           .
Restrict personal use of 30          on computers.
 

SECTION 4  
Questions 31-40
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
 
                           Business Cultures
Power culture
Characteristics of organisation    -  small
                             -  31           power source
                             -  few rules and procedures
                           -  communication by 32          
Advantage:                  -  can act quickly
Disadvantage:                -  might not act 33          
Suitable employee:            -  not afraid of 34          
- doesn’t need job security
Role culture
Characteristics of organization:   -  large,many 35          
- specialized departments
- rules and procedure, e.g. job
36           and rules for discipline
Advantages:                 -  economies of scale
- successful when 37           
ability is important
Disadvantages:               -  slow to see when 38           is
                              needed
- slow to react
Suitable employee:           -  values security
- doesn’t want 39          
Task culture
Characteristics of organisation:  -  project orientated
- in competitive market or making product with short life
- a lot of delegation
Advantage:                  -  40          
Disadvantage:                -  no economies of scale or special                                   expertise
Suitable employee:             -  likes to work in groups
 

Text 2
Section 1
M: Good morning. Can I help you?
M:早上好。我能帮你吗?
W: Yes. I've been accepted on a course at the university and I'd like to try and arrange accommodation in the hall of residence.
W:是的。我已经接受了大学课程,我想试着在大学宿舍安排住宿。
M: Yes, certainly. Please sit down. What I'll do is fill in a form with you to find out a little more about your preferences and so forth.
M:是的,当然。请坐。我所要做的就是填写一份表格,你更了解你的喜好等等。
W: Thank you.
W:谢谢你。
M: So first of all, can I take you name?
M:首先,我可以把你的名字吗?
W: It's Anu Bhatt.
W:这是阿奴Bhatt。
M: Could you spell your name please?
M:你能拼写你的名字吗?
W: Yes. A-N-U... B-H-A double T.
W:是的。A-N-U……B-H-A双T。
M: Thanks, and could I ask your date of birth?
M:谢谢,我能问你的出生日期吗?
W: 31st March 1972.
W:1972年3月31日。
M: Thank you. And where are you from?
M:谢谢。和你从哪里来?
W: India.
W:印度。
M: Oh right. And what will you be studying?
M:哦,对了。你将学习什么?
W: I'm doing a course in nursing.
W:我在做护理的课程。
M: Right, thank you. And how long would you want to stay in hall, do you think?
M:是的,谢谢。多久你想呆在大厅,你觉得呢?
W: Well, it'll take three years but I'd only like to stay in hall for two. I'd like to think about living outside for the third year.
W:嗯,这要三年但我只喜欢呆在大厅。我想住在第三年。
M: Fine. And what did you have in mind for catering? Do you want to cook for yourself or have all your meals provided, that's full board?
M:很好。你有什么想法,餐饮吗?你想自己做饭或者你所有的饭菜,完整的板?
W: Is there something in between?
W:之间有什么?
M: Yes. You can just have evening meal provided, which is half board.
M:是的。您提供的晚餐就可以了,这是董事会的一半。
W: That's what I prefer.
W:这是我喜欢的。
M: Yes, a lot of students opt for that. Now, with that in mind, do you have any special diet, anything we should know about?
M:是的,很多学生选择。现在,考虑到这一点,你有什么特别的饮食,我们应该知道什么?
W: Yes, I don't take red meat.
W:是的,我不要把红肉。
M: No red meat.
M:不红肉。
M: Now thinking about the room itself, we have a number of options. You can have a single study room or you can have a shared one. These are both what we call simple rooms. The other alternative is to opt for a single bedsit, which actually has more space and better facilities. There's about £20 a week difference between them.
M:现在考虑房间本身,我们有很多选择。你可以有一个单独的研究也可以共享一个房间。这些都是我们所说的简单的房间。另一个替代方法是选择一个卧室兼起居室,实际上有更多的空间和更好的设备。有£20周之间的区别。
W: Well, actually my grant is quite generous and I think the bedsit sound the best option.
W:好吧,事实上我的格兰特相当慷慨,我认为卧室兼起居室的声音最好的选择。
M: Lovely. I'll put you down for that and we'll see what availability is like. Now can I ask some other personal details which we like to have on record?
M:可爱。我把你下来,我们将会看到什么是可用性。现在我能问一些其他个人信息,我们喜欢有记录吗?
W: yes, of course.
W:是的,当然。
M: I wonder if you could let us know what your interests are. This might help us get a closer match for placing you in a particular hall.
M:我想知道如果你能让我们知道你的兴趣是什么。这可能帮助我们得到更适合放置在一个特定的大厅。
W: Ummm. Well, I love the theatre.
W:嗯。哦,我喜欢戏剧。
M: Right.
M:对的。
W: And I enjoy sports, particularly badminton.
W:我喜欢运动,特别是羽毛球。
M: That's worth knowing. Now, what we finish with on the form is really a list from you of what you priorities are in choosing a hall and we'll do our best to take these into account.
M:这是值得了解的。现在,我们完成表单上的是一个真正的从你的优先级列表选择一个大厅里,我们会尽力考虑这些。
W: Well, the first thing is I'd prefer a hall where there are other mature students, if possible.
W:好吧,首先我想要一个大厅还有其他成熟的学生,如果可能的话。
M: Yes, we do have halls which tend to cater for slightly older students.
M:是的,我们确实有大厅,倾向于迎合稍微年纪大的学生。
W: Ummm and I'd prefer to be out of twon.
W:嗯,我喜欢小镇。
M: That's actually very good for you because we tend have more vacancies in out-of-town halls.
M:这是对你很好,因为我们往往有更多的空缺在外地大厅。
W: Lucky!
W:幸运!
M: Yes. Anything else?
M:是的。还有别的事吗?
W: Well, I would like somewhere with a shared area, a TV room for example, or something like that. It's a good way to socialise.
W:嗯,我想在某个地方共有一个区域、一个电视的房间为例,之类的。这是一个社交的好方法。
M: It certainly is.
M:当然是。
W: That's it.
W:就是这样。
M: Now, we just need a contact telephone number for you.
M:现在,我们只需要一个联系人的电话号码给你。
W: Sure, I'll just find it. It's double 6-7549
W:当然,我会找到它。双6 - 7549
M: Great, so we'll be in contact with you as soon as possible...
M:很好,我们会尽快与您联系…
 
Section2
Hello, I'd delighted to welcome you to our Wildlife Club, and very pleased that you're interested in the countryside and the plants and creatures of this area. I think you'll be surprised at the variety we have here, even though we're not far from London. I'll start by telling you about some of the parks and open spaces nearby.
你好,我很高兴欢迎你来我们的野生动物俱乐部,非常高兴你有兴趣在农村,这一地区的植物和动物。我认为你会吃惊地发现我们这里的品种,虽然我们离伦敦不远。首先我将告诉你一些附近的公园和开放空间。
One very pleasant place is Halland Common. This has been public land for hundreds of years, and what you'll find interesting is that the River Ouse, which flows into the sea eight kilometers away, had its source in the common. There;s an information board about the plants and animal you can see here, and by the way, the common is accessible 24 hours a day.
一个非常舒适的地方是哈常见。这是公共土地数百年来,你会发现有趣的是,这条河入海,流入大海八公里远,在共同的源头。;年代信息委员会关于植物和动物可以看到这里,顺便说一句,可以一天24小时。
Then there's Holt Island, which is noted for its great range of trees. In the past willows were grown here commercially for basket-making, and this ancient craft recently been reintroduced. The island is only open to the public form Friday to Sunday, because it's quite small, and if there were people around every day, much of the wildlife would keep away.
还有霍尔特岛,这是闻名的树木。过去柳树生长在商业上篮子,和这个古老工艺最近被重新引入。岛上只有星期五到周日对公众开放的形式,因为它是非常小,如果有周围的人每一天,大部分的野生动物会远离。
From there it's just a short walk across the bridge to Longfield Country Park. Longfield has a modern replica of a farm over two thousand years ago. Children's activities are often arranged there, like bread-making and face-painting. The park is only open during daylight hours, so bear that in mind if you decide to go there.
从那里它只是一个短的步行过桥Longfield国家公园。Longfield有一个现代的复制品在二千多年前的一个农场。儿童活动通常安排在那里,如烘焙面包和化妆。公园是只在白天开放,所以记住,如果你决定去那里。
Longfield has a programme of activities throughout the year, and to give you a sample, this is what's happening in the next few days. On Monday you can learn about herbs, and how they've been used over the centuries. You'll start with a tour of our herb graden, practise the techinique of using them as colour dyes for cloth, and listen to an illustrated talk about their use in cooking and medicine.
Longfield全年活动计划,并给你一个样本,这是在接下来的几天里发生的事情。周一你可以了解草药,以及他们如何被使用在过去的几个世纪。你先参观我们的草的花园,练习的方法使用它们作为布颜色染料,和听了谈论他们在烹饪和医学使用。
Then on Wednesday you can join local experts to discover the variety of insects and birds that appear in the evening. We keep to a small number of people in the group, so if you want to go you'll need to phone the park ranger a few days ahead. There's a small charge, which you should pay when you turn up.
然后周三你可以加入当地的专家发现各种各样的昆虫和鸟类,在晚上出现。我们让一小部分人,所以如果你想去你需要电话未来几天公园管理员。有一个小,你应该支付当你出现。
I'm sure you're all keen to help with the practical task of looking after the park, so on Saturday you can join a working party. You'll have a chose of all sports of activities, from planting hedges to picking up litter, so you'll be able to change from one to another when you feel like it. The rangers will be hard at work all day, but do come and join in, even for just a short while. One thing, though, is to make sure you're wearing something that you don't mind getting dirty to torn.
我相信你们都热衷于帮助照看公园的实际任务,所以周六你可以加入一个工作组。你会有一个选择的体育活动,从种植树篱捡垃圾,所以你可以改变从一个到另一个,当你喜欢它。游骑兵将整天努力工作,但是做来参与,即使只是一会儿。不过,有一件事是确保你穿的东西你不介意让肮脏的撕裂。
And finally I'd like to tell you about our new wildlife area, Hinchingbrooke Park, which will be opened to the public next month. This slide doesn't really indicate how big it is, but anyway, you can see the two gates into the park, and the main paths. As you can see, there's a lake in the north west of the park, with a bird hide to the west of it, at the end of a path. So it'll be a nice quiet place for watching the bird on the lake.
最后我想告诉你关于我们新的野生动物区域,布鲁克公园,下个月将向公众开放。这张幻灯片并不表明它有多大,但无论如何,你可以看到两个门进入公园,和主要路径。正如你所看到的,有一个湖在公园的西北,有一只鸟躲的西方,年底的一条路。所以这将是一个不错的安静的地方看鸟在湖上。
Fairly close to where refreshments are available, there's a dog-walking area in the southern part of the park, leading off from the path. And if you just want to sit and relax, you can go to the flower garden; that's the circular area on the map surrounded by paths.
相当接近,点心,有遛狗公园的南部区域,主要从路径。如果你只想坐下来,放松,你可以去花园,地图上的圆形区域包围的路径。
And finally, there's a wooded area in the western section of the park, between two paths. Okay, that's enough from me, so let's go on to...
最后,有一个树木繁茂的地区的西方部分公园,在两条道路之间。好吧,从我这就够了,让我们继续…
 
Section3
Pam: Hi Jun. As you know, I've asked you here today to discuss the future of our Self-Access Centre. We have to decide what we want to do about this very important resource for our English language students. So, can you tell me what the students think about this?
帕姆:嗨6月如你所知,我问你今天来讨论我们的未来自选学习中心。我们必须决定我们想做关于这个非常重要的资源为我们的英语的学生。所以,你能告诉我这学生思考什么?
Jun: Well, from the student's point of view, we would like to keep it. The majority of students say that they enjoy using it because it provides a variation on the classroom routine and they see it as a pretty major component of their course, but we would like to see some improvements to the equipment, particularly the computers; there aren't enough for one each at the moment and we always have to share.
小君:嗯,从学生的角度来看,我们希望保留它。大多数的学生说他们喜欢使用它,因为它提供了一个变异的课堂常规,他们认为这是一个非常重要组成部分,但我们希望看到一些改善设备,特别是电脑;没有足够的分别,我们总是有分享。
P: Well yes, the teachers agree that it is a very valuable resource but one thing we have noticed is that a lot of the student using it, but we think the computers should used as a learning resource, nor for emails. Some of us also think that we could benefit a lot more by relocating the Self-Access Centre to the main University library building. How do you think the students would feel about that, Jun?
P:是的,老师认为这是一个非常宝贵的资源,但我们已经注意到的一件事是,很多学生使用它,但我们认为电脑应该作为学习资源,也为电子邮件。我们中的一些人也认为我们可以受益更多的转移到大学图书馆主楼的自选学习中心。你认为学生们会觉得,小君?
J: Well, the library is big enough to incorporate the Self-Access Centre, but it wouldn't be like a class activity anymore. Our main worry would be not being able to go to a teacher for advice. I'm sure there would be plenty of things to do but we really need teachers to help us choose the best activities.
J:嗯,图书馆是大到足以包含自选学习中心,但它不会像一个课堂活动了。我们主要担心的是不能去老师的建议。我相信会有很多的事情要做,但我们真的需要老师来帮助我们选择最好的活动。
P: Well, there would still be a teacher present and he or she would guide the activities of the students, we wouldn't just leave them to get on with it.
好吧,现在仍然是一名教师,他或她会指导学生的活动,我们不会只是让他们自己玩去。
J: Yes, but I think the students would be much happier keeping the existing set-up; they really like going to the Self-Access Centre with their teacher and staying together as a group to do activities. If we could just improve the resources and facilities, I think it would be fine. Is the cost going to be a problem?
J:是的,但是我认为学生们会更快乐保持现有的设置,他们真的喜欢去自选学习中心的老师,待在一起作为一个群体活动。如果我们可以提高资源和设施,我认为这将是很好。成本将是一个问题吗?
P: It's not so much the expense that I'm worried about, and we've certainly got roon to do it, but it's the problem of timetabling a teacher to be in there outside class hours. If we're going to spend a lot of money on equipment and resources, we really need to make sure that everything is looked after properly. Anyway, let's make some notes to see just what needs doing to improve the Centre.
P:与其说我担心的费用,当然我们有房间吧,但这是制定时间表的问题老师在课外时间。如果我们要花很多钱在设备和资源,我们真的需要确保一切都妥善照顾。无论如何,让我们做一些笔记,看看需要做什么来改善中心。
Pam: Now, what about the computers? I think it might be a good idea to install some new models. They would take up a lot less room and so that would increase the work space for text books and so on.
帕姆:现在,电脑呢?我认为这可能是一个好主意来安装一些新的模型。他们将占用更少的房间,这将增加工作空间的文本书籍等等。
Jun: That would be great. It is a bit cramped in there at times.
小君:那太好了。有时有点拥挤在那里。
P: What about other resources? Do you have a list of things that the students would like to see improved?
P:其他资源呢?你有一个列表的东西学生们希望看到改进?
J: Yes, one of the comments that students frequently make is that they find it difficult to find materials that are appropriate for their level, especially reading resources, so I think we need to label them more clearly.
J:是的,频繁的评论一个学生,他们发现很难找到材料适合他们的水平,特别是阅读资源,所以我认为我们需要标签他们更清楚。
P: Well that's easy enough, we can get that organised every quickly. In fact I think we should review all of the study resources as some of them are looking a bit out-of-date.
P:这是足够简单,我们可以迅速组织每一个。事实上,我认为我们应该复习所有研究的资源有些是看起来有点过时了。
J: Definitely. The CD section especially needs to be more current. I think we should get some of the ones that go with our latest course books and also make multiple copies.
J:当然。CD部分尤其需要更多的电流。我认为我们应该得到一些与我们最新的书籍,也使多个副本。
P: Good, now I was also thinking about some different materials that we haven't got in there at all. What do you think of the idea of introducing some workbooks? If we break them up into separate pages and laminate them, they'd be a great resource. The students could study the main course book in class and then do follow-up practice in the Self-Access Centre.
P:好,现在我也考虑一些不同的材料,我们没有。你认为的思想引入一些作业本吗?如果我们把他们分成单独的页面和层压板,他们会成为一个伟大的资源。在课堂上学生可以学习的主要课程的书,然后做后续实践自选学习中心。
J: That sounds good.
J:听起来不错。
P: Okay, now finally we need to think about how the room is used. I'll have to talk to the teachers and make sure we can all reach some agreement on a timetable to supervise the centre after class. But we also need to think about security, too. Especially if we're going to invest in some new equipment.
病人:好的,现在我们终于需要考虑如何使用这个房间。我要跟老师和确保我们都可以达成一些协议时间表课后监督中心。但是我们也需要考虑安全性。特别是如果我们要投资一些新设备。
J: What about putting in an alarm?
J:把闹钟吗?
P: Good idea. The other thing I'd like to do is talk to our technicians and see whether we could somehow limit the access to email. I really don't want to see that resource misused.
P:好主意。另一件我想要做的是跟我们的技术人员,看看我们是否能够在某种程度上限制了访问电子邮件。我真的不希望看到资源滥用。
J: What about if we agree to only use it before and after class?
J:如果我们只同意使用它之前和之后的课吗?
P: Yes, that would be fine. OK, anway... that's great for now. We'll dicuss it further when we've arranged to...
是的,这将是很好。好的,多…那太好了。我们将进一步讨论当我们安排……
 
 
Section4
Good morning everyone. Now whether you're going to University to study business or some other subject, many of you will eventually end up working for a company of some kind.
大家早上好。现在你是否要大学学习商业或其他主题,你们中的很多人将最终为一个公司工作。
Now, when you first start working somewhere you will realise that the organisation you've joined has certain characteristics. And we often refer to these social characteristics as the culture of the organisation- this includes its unwritten ideas, beliefs, values and things like that. One well known writer has classified company cultures by identifying four major types.
现在,当你第一次开始工作的地方你会意识到,你加入的组织有一定的特点。和我们经常引用这些社会特点的文化组织——这包括其不成文的思想,信仰,价值观等等。一位知名作家分类公司文化通过识别四大类型。
The first type is called the Power Culture, and it's usually found in small organisations.
第一类被称为“权力文化,通常是发现在小型组织。
It's the type of culture that needs a central source of power to be effective, and bucause control is in the hands of just one or two people there aren't many rules or procedures. Another characteristic is that communication usually takes the form of conversations rather than, say, formal meetings or written memos. Now one of the benefits of this culture is that the organisation has the ability to act quickly, so it responds well to threat, or danger on the one hand, and opportunity on the other.
文化的类型,需要一个中央的能源是有效的,和由于控制手中的只是一个或两个人没有多少规则或程序。另一个特点是通信通常采用对话的形式,而不是说,正式会议或书面备忘录。现在这种文化的好处之一是,该组织有能力迅速行动,所以它能够很好地响应威胁,一方面,危险和机会。
But on the negative side, this type of organisation doesn't always act effectively, because it depends too much on one or two people at the top, and when these people make poor decisions there's no-one else who can influence them.
但在消极的一面,这种类型的组织并不总是有效的行动,因为它过于依赖一个或两个人在顶部,而当这些人做出糟糕的决定还有没有其他的人能影响他们。
And the kind of person who does well in this type of business culture is one who is happy to take risks, and for whom job security is a low priority.
和什么样的人在这种类型的企业文化是人乐于冒险,和为谁工作保障是一个低优先级。
The next types if known as Role Culture—that's R-O-L-E, not R-O-double L, by the way, and this type is usually found in large companies, which have lots of different levels in them. These organisations usually have separate departments that specialise in things like finance, or sales, or maintenance, or whatever. Each one is co-ordinated at the top by a small group of senior managers and typically everyone's job is controlled by sets of rules and procedures- for example, there are specific job descriptions, rules for discipline, and so on.
下一个类型如果称为允诺R-O-L-E中扮演的角色,不是R-O-double L,顺便说一下,这种类型通常是发现在大公司,有很多不同的水平。这些组织通常有独立的部门,专门从事诸如金融、或销售,或维护,等等。每一个由一小群协同顶部高级经理,通常每个人的工作是由套规则和程序——例如,有具体的工作描述,规定纪律,等等。
What are the benefits of this kind of culture? Well firstly, because it's found in large organisations, its fixed costs, or overheads as they're known, are low in relation to it's output, or what it produces. In other words it can achieve economies of scale. And secondly, it is particularly successful in business markets where technical expertise is important. On the other hand, this culture is often very slow to recognise the need for change, and even slower to react. What kind of person does this type of culture suit? Well it suits employees who value security, and who don't particularly want to have responsibility.
这种文化的好处是什么?首先,因为在大型组织中发现,其固定成本,或管理费用他们自己也知道,低相对于它的输出,或者它生产什么。换句话说,它可以实现规模经济。其次,特别成功的商业市场,专业技术是很重要的。另一方面,这种文化往往是非常缓慢的承认需要改变,甚至反应慢。什么样的人适合这种类型的文化吗?它适合员工的安全价值,不是特别想要的责任。
Moving on now to Task Cultures-this type is found in organisations that are project-oriented. You usually find it where the market for the company's product is extremely competitive, or where the products themselves have a short life-span. Usually top management delegates the projects, the people and other resources. And once these have been allocated, little day-to-day control is exercised from the top, because this would seem like "breaking the rules"
现在移动到任务Cultures-this专题类型是组织中发现。你通常发现,市场对公司的产品极具竞争力,或者产品本身有一个短的寿命。通常高层管理代表项目,和其他资源的人。一旦这些被分配,从顶部小日常行使控制,因为这似乎是“打破规则”
Now one of the major benefits of this culture is that it's flexible. But it does have some major disadvantages too.
现在这个文化的主要好处之一是,它是灵活的。但它也有一些主要的缺点。
Reading Passage 1
篇文章1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Question 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
你应该花20分钟问题1-13基于阅读下面的通道1。
Hearing impairment or other auditory function deficit in young children can have a major impact on their development of speech and communication, resulting in a detrimental effect on their ability to learn at school. This is likely to have major consequences for the individual and the population as a whole. The New Zealand Ministry of Health has found from research carried out over two decades that 6-19% of children in that country are affected by hearing loss.
听力障碍或其他幼儿听觉功能赤字会对他们的发展产生重大影响的演讲和沟通能力,导致不利影响在学校的学习能力。这是可能有重大影响的个人和人口作为一个整体。新西兰卫生部已从研究发现超过二十年,6 - 19%的儿童在那个国家都受到听力损失的影响。
A preliminary study in New Zealand has shown that classroom noise presents a major concern for teachers and pupils. Modern teaching practices, the organization of desks in the classroom, poor classroom acoustics, and mechanical means of ventilation such as air-conditioning units all contribute to the number of children unable to comprehend the teacher’s voice. Education researchers Nelson and Soli have also suggested that recent trends in learning often involve collaborative interaction of multiple minds and tools as much as individual possession of information. This all amounts to heightened activity and noise levels, which have the potential to be particularly serious for children experiencing auditory function deficit. Noise in classrooms can only exacerbate their difficulty in comprehending and processing verbal communication with other children and instructions from the teacher.
新西兰的一项初步研究表明,教室噪声提出了教师和学生的主要问题。现代教学实践,组织部门在教室里,教室声学,差和机械通风空调等所有的手段有助于儿童的数量无法理解老师的声音。教育研究者纳尔逊和独唱也表示,最近的趋势在学习往往涉及多个思想和协作交互工具个人占有的信息。这一切活动和噪音水平加剧,这有可能是特别严重的儿童经历听觉功能赤字。噪音在教室只能加剧他们的困难理解和处理语言交流与其他孩子和老师的指示。
Children with auditory function deficit are potentially failing to learn to their maximum potential because of noise levels generated in classrooms. The effects of noise on the ability of children to learn effectively in typical classroom environments are now the subject of increasing concern. The International Institute of Noise Control Engineering (I-INCE), on the advice of the World Health Organization, has established an international working party, which includes New Zealand, to evaluate noise and reverberation control for school rooms.
儿童听觉功能赤字可能未能学会他们的最大潜力,因为教室中产生的噪音水平。噪声的影响儿童学习能力的典型的课堂环境中有效地现在越来越关心的话题。噪声控制工程的国际研究所(I-INCE),在世界卫生组织的建议,建立了一个国际工作组,其中包括新西兰、评价噪声和混响控制学校的房间。
While the detrimental effects of noise in classroom situations are not limited to children experiencing disability, those with a disability that affects their processing of speech and verbal communication could be extremely vulnerable. The auditory function deficits in question include hearing impairment, autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit disorders (ADD/ADHD).
虽然噪音在教室情况下的不利影响不仅限于儿童体验残疾,残疾,影响他们处理的演讲和语言沟通能力可能是极其脆弱的。听觉功能赤字问题包括听力障碍、自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)和注意力缺陷障碍(添加/多动症)。
Autism is considered a neurological and genetic life-long disorder that causes discrepancies in the way information is processed. This disorder is characterized by interlinking problems with social imagination, social communication and social interaction. According to Janzen, this affects the ability to understand and relate in typical ways to people, understand events and objects in the environment, and understand or respond to sensory stimuli. Autism does not allow learning or thinking in the same ways as in children who are developing normally. Autistic spectrum disorders often result in major difficulties in comprehending verbal information and speech processing. Those experiencing these disorders often find sounds such as crowd noise and the noise generated by machinery painful and distressing. This is difficult to scientifically quantify as such extra-sensory stimuli vary greatly from one autistic individual to another. But a child who finds any type of noise in their classroom or learning space intrusive is likely to be adversely affected in their ability to process information.
自闭症是一种神经学和遗传终身疾病,导致信息加工方式的差异。这种疾病的特征是互连问题与社会想象,社会交往和社会互动。根据简森,这会影响的能力去理解和在典型相关方法,理解事件和环境中的对象,理解或对感官刺激作出反应。自闭症不允许学习或思考方式一样正常儿童发展中。自闭症谱系障碍常常导致理解口头信息和语音处理的主要困难。这些经历这些疾病常常发现人群的声音,比如噪音和机械痛苦和痛苦所产生的噪声。这是很难科学地量化等感官刺激自闭症个体差异很大,从一个到另一个地方。但是一个孩子发现任何类型的噪音在教室或学习空间侵入可能不利影响的处理信息的能力。
The attention deficit disorders are indicative of neurological and genetic disorders and are characterized by difficulties with sustaining attention, effort and persistence, organization skills and disinhibition. Children experiencing these disorders find it difficult to screen out unimportant information, and focus on everything in the environment rather than attending to a single activity. Background noise in the classroom becomes a major distraction, which can affect their ability to concentrate.
注意力缺陷障碍表明神经遗传病和特点是困难维持注意力,努力和坚持,组织能力和抑制解除。经历这些障碍的儿童很难排除不重要的信息,并专注于环境中的一切,而不是参加一个活动。背景噪音在教室里变成一个主要的干扰,从而影响他们集中注意力的能力。
Children experiencing an auditory function deficit can often find speech and communication very difficult to isolate and process when set against high levels of background noise. These levels come from outside activities that penetrate the classroom structure, from teaching activities, and other noise generated inside, which can be exacerbated by room reverberation. Strategies are needed to obtain the optimum classroom construction and perhaps a change in classroom culture and methods of teaching. In particular, the effects of noisy classrooms and activities on those experiencing disabilities in the form of auditory function deficit need thorough investigation. It is probable that many undiagnosed children exist in the education system with ‘invisible’ disabilities. Their needs are less likely to be met than those of children with known disabilities.
孩子经历的听觉功能赤字可以经常发现演讲和沟通很难隔离和处理高水平的背景噪音。这些来自外部的活动水平渗透课堂结构,从教学活动,和其他内部所产生的噪音,可加剧了房间混响。策略需要获得最佳课堂,或许改变课堂文化建设和教学方法。特别是,嘈杂的教室和活动的影响在这些经历残疾听觉功能形式的赤字需要彻底的调查。可能存在许多未确诊的儿童在教育系统有无形的障碍。满足他们的需求不太可能比已知的残疾儿童。
The New Zealand Government has developed a New Zealand Disability Strategy and has embarked on a wide-ranging consultation process. The strategy recognizes that people experiencing disability face significant barriers in achieving a full quality of life in areas such as attitude, education, employment and access to services. Objective 3 of the New Zealand Disability Strategy is to ‘Provide the Best Education for Disabled People’ by improving education so that all children, youth learners and adult learners will have equal opportunities to learn and develop within their already existing local school. For a successful education, the learning environment is vitally significant, so any effort to improve this is likely to be of great benefit to all children, but especially to those with auditory function disabilities.
新西兰政府已经开发了一个新西兰残疾战略,并开始了广泛的协商过程。人们经历的战略承认残疾面临重大障碍在实现一个完整的生活质量等方面的态度,教育、就业和访问服务。目标3的新西兰残疾的策略是“为残疾人提供最好的教育”通过改善教育,使所有儿童,青年学生和成人学习者将有平等的机会去学习和发展在他们现有的当地学校。对于一个成功的教育,学习环境至关重要,所以任何努力改善这可能是所有孩子的好处,特别是那些听觉功能障碍。
A number of countries are already in the process of formulating their own standards for the control and reduction of classroom noise. New Zealand will probably follow their example. The literature to date on noise in school rooms appears to focus on the effects on schoolchildren in general, their teachers and the hearing impaired. Only limited attention appears to have been given to those students experiencing the other disabilities involving auditory function deficit. It is imperative that the needs of these children are taken into account in the setting of appropriate international standards to be promulgated in future.
许多国家已经制定自己的标准的过程中控制和减少教室噪声。新西兰可能会效仿他们的做法。迄今文献上噪声在学校的房间似乎关注对学生的影响一般来说,他们的老师和听力受损。只有有限的注意力似乎是给那些经历其他残疾的学生涉及听觉功能赤字。必须考虑到这些孩子的需要设置适当的国际标准的颁布。
 






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